Ross indexed the following pages under the keyword: "Adaptation".

Hypnosis (mesmerism) Adaptation two meanings Excitation Inhibition Reactions Reflex, conditioned 0062 0063

Adaptation loss of Chronaxy apparatus for Schizophrenia and chronaxy Nerve (peripheral) chronaxy Reflex and resonance Schizophrenia and chronaxy Space-time and chronaxy Stimulus Waves and reflex 0133 0134

Adaptation essential nature of Dominance Entropy in physiology Levels and alcohol Stimulus essential property of Dominance of receptors Neuron gradient in Receptors and gradients Synapse phylogeny of Waves in nerve impulse 0151 0152

Adaptation in insects Cortex, removal of and loss of memory etc Learning in lumbricus Learning in Insecta Learning in fish Memory and loss of central nervous system Modification in insects Neuron has two functions Axon metabolism in Nerve (peripheral) and metabolism 0153 0154

Adaptation - Cortex and learning Environment and reflexes Evolution and reflex Heredity of reflexes Impulse, nervous effect on synapse Learning after pain Pain and learning Reactions development of reactions Reactions same as reflex Stimulus "simple" stimulus Basic pattern and pain Geodetic path, postulate of How produced Impulse, nervous and geodetic path Intelligence Laws of nature and intelligence Space-time and geodetic path 0227 0228

Complex (Freudian) in dementia praecox Reactions repressed Unconscious, the merely waiting Adaptation in Microstomum Intelligence in Microstomum Reflex male copulating 0255 0256

Adaptation in receptors Conduction, nerve velocity of Impulse, nervous in sensation Receptors in groups Axon frequency of 'burst' Pain impulses of 0309 0310

Inhibition and organisation Levels and organisation Structure all knowledge as Adaptation an illusion Environment imperfect adaptation to Group (mathematical) Eddington's special Intelligence is blind 0395 0396

Adaptation Sherrington on Reactions modification of Organisation Thorndike on Survival and brain 0403 0404

Adaptation Jennings on 0409 0410

Adaptation as "circle" Environment as "circle" Reactions as "circle" Neuron in reactions 0425 0426

Environment must have "continuity" Gestalt partial Learning environment must be Signal nature of Stimulus signals Adaptation environment must be right Continuity necessary in environment 0781 0782

Adaptation - Reactions modification of Habituation Integration (physiological) memory as Memory as organisation in time Reflex, conditioned Space-time and learning 0797 0798

Adaptation comes after learning Learning before adaptation Organisation adaptation of Organisation specification of Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) examples 0827 0828

Adaptation as probability Probability of survival 0831 0832

Levels and organisation Summary: Had my severe illness here. Was it febrile reaction to enormous cortical readjustment? I don't know. But it felt as if I had "swallowed a rainbow". And the next page contains the essential discovery. Adaptation essential nature of Dominance another type Nirvanophilia basis of 0857 0858

Cortex as 'sensitive' Fatigue and brain Adaptation in breaks 0887 0888

Organisation two meanings united Pattern (in general) as group-structure Adaptation an illusion Environment must be "orderly" Intelligence is blind Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) in a pattern 0909 0910

Adaptation sensory adaptation Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) partial neutral point Organisation for sensory adaptation 0915 0916

Adaptation statement Break summary 0921 0922

Adaptation sensory adaptation Habituation organisation of Delay (in substitution) 0939 0940

Break and delay Summary: If a field should alter its organisation, and particularly its dominances and independences, reversibly when a variable exceeds a given value, we may either look on it in this way, or (preferably) we may set up new and more comprehensive field equations treating it as one constant organisation. But see 1038 for a much improved statement. Adaptation by break Break theory 0965 0966

Summary: Differential equations with step-functions are fundamentally unsolvable. Adaptation by break Break and adaptation 1051 1052

Summary: The concept of "breaks" by itself is not sufficient to cause any emergence of adaptation or intelligence. Brain, i.e. a machine of particular type, is necessary. (See 1063) Adaptation brain necessary Brain necessary Intelligence brain necessary Break in machine Organisation in machinery, examples Society [12]: Organisation has two complexities: number of variables and number of parameters, 0984. In man-made machines, 1054. 1053 1054

Adaptation by break Brain essentials of Break and adaptation Summary: Although a general system has no tendency to survival by adaptive behaviour, yet a "brain" has. Details are given. (see 1068) Organisation two meanings united 1063 1064

Summary: Formulae are given in the special case where one variable always moves towards some function of the other variables. Operator special Adaptation by break Break and adaptation 1067 1068

Summary: Actual equations are constructed giving the theoretical views of the nervous system in mathematical form. (See 1092) Adaptation References Break and change of neutral point Equilibrium range of Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) choice of several 1073 1074

Summary: We want to get adaptation on a scale, so that we can show that systems, under certain conditions, will move from lesser to greater adaptation. Adaptation growing Summary: A statement of my present emotional position. Affect of my problem 1135 1136

Equilibrium partial Adaptation partial 1137 1138

Summary: A refinement of the definition of "organisation". Summary: "Memory" equals change of organisation. Memory as break Organisation and memory Summary: "Adapted" behaviour equals the behaviour of any system around a point of normal equilibrium. (1148) Adaptation is equilibrium 1157 1158

Summary: "Adaptation" is more properly divided into: the adapted state after this has been reached, and the process of finding this state. Adaptation defined Mathematics 1+1?2 1201 1202

Adaptation growing Equilibrium graduation of 1203 1204

Holism excessive Summary: A method is described by which a machine can show increasing adaptation, by one part after another getting into equilibrium. A clear explanation of "threshold" and "summation" in the Central Nervous System follows. It is concluded that between a sense organ and the adaptive part a "distributor" must occur. 5345 Adaptation non-adaptation Survival failure of 1225 1226

Adaptation after previous adaptation 1249 1250

Environment "internal" environment Summary: Notes on adaptation to "internal" environment; and an example of how a set of adaptations can collapse. Adaptation and mutations Adaptation chains of Evolution as law and chance Holism in mutations Natural Selection [13]: In adaptation by heredity there is the recombination effect 1254. Quotation 2163. 1253 1254

Summary: Huxley's book reviewed, and proof that a holistic set must be altered by infinitesimal steps. Adaptation growing Organisation must change only infinitesimally Equilibrium tends to "normal" type 1257 1258

Summary: Examples of schizophrenics being displaced further from homeostasis by chemical stimuli. And a note of an objection. Adaptation genes and adaptation Genes control adaptation in two ways Heredity genes and adaptation Natural Selection [42]: Genes produce adaptations in two ways, 2303, and thus protect themselves in two ways, 2315. 2302 2303

Adaptation after crossing muscles Summary: Quotation on the CNS betraying its blindness. 2398 2399

Adaptation failures 2807 2808

Adaptation as destruction of information Homeostasis as destruction of information 3940 3941

Summary: On the necessity for step-functions. 4158, 4161, 4238 Adaptation as destruction of information Natural Selection [60]: Evolution has developed those gene-patterns that form an information destroyer between themselves and the world 4133. Natural Selection [62]: Most intermediate variables are functions of both the genes and the environment 4133. 4132 4133

Summary: Destruction of information. 4164, 4166. Review 4151, 4385 Summary: Monograph on Evolution. Self-locking system two examples Natural Selection [63]: Monograph on Evolution { 4136 - 4155 }. The Multistable System [53]: Mongraph on Evolution, { 4136 - 4155 }. Summary: Part 1: Selection. Adaptation equals selection Selection monograph on Natural Selection [63]: Monograph on Evolution { 4136 - 4155 }. The Multistable System [53]: Mongraph on Evolution, { 4136 - 4155 }. 4136 4137

Summary: Adaptation of essential variables, (next page) 4163 Epistemology [12]: The observer must be present to disturb the system if ultrastability is to be demonstrated 4160. Adaptation new formulation Basin and step-function Step function ultrastability without step function The Multistable System [57]: Adaptation can use either step-function or basins, 4161. 4160 4161

Adaptation new formulation Habituation DAMS (Dispersive and Multistable System) [77]: The various aspects of the behaviour of the adapting system seen from the new point of view, 4164. Summary: The adapting system - generalised, (next section). 4166, 4225 Self-locking system ultrastable system Variety necessity of 4164 4165

Genes self locking Natural Selection [73]: How can the Darwinian system get self locked? 4240. The Multistable System [72]: The present-day, advanced, multistable system probably keeps melting down its adaptations, 4240. Summary: Darwinian and multistable systems. 4425, 4655 Adaptation speeding up adaptation 4240 4241

Adaptation speeding up adaptation Speed (of adaptation) of learning Natural Selection [74]: Speed of evolution, 4246. Society [44]: Organisation of a super-society, 4246, 4264, 4270. The Multistable System [73]: Factors affecting speed of adaptation, 4246. Adaptation speeding up adaptation Speed (of adaptation) of learning 4246 4247

Adaptation speeding up adaptation Speed (of adaptation) of learning Adaptation speeding up adaptation Speed (of adaptation) of learning 4248 4249

Adaptation speeding up adaptation Speed (of adaptation) of learning Adaptation speeding up adaptation Model speed of Play speed of Speed (of adaptation) of learning Trial and error speed of 4250 4251

Adaptation speeding up adaptation Speed (of adaptation) of learning Adaptation speeding up adaptation Environment population of Speed (of adaptation) of learning 4252 4253

Adaptation speeding up adaptation Speed (of adaptation) of learning Adaptation speeding up adaptation Speed (of adaptation) of learning 4254 4255

Adaptation speeding up adaptation Speed (of adaptation) of learning Summary: On the time taken by a large system to get adapted. 4264, 4515, 4560 Adaptation speeding up adaptation Speed (of adaptation) of learning 4256 4257

Adaptation speeding up adaptation Speed (of adaptation) Summary: There is a maximal speed at which evolution or adaptation can proceed. The best one can do is to get near the maximum. 4384 Alpha rhythm and cell's activities Threshold and a-rhythm 4382 4383

Summary: Formal proof that, if a set is stable, no state in it can lead ever to a state outside the set. Summary: Power for adaptation. (See next page) 4583 Adaptation motive power for Entropy as prime mover 4536 4537

Summary: A Review on "Speed of Adaptation" with special reference to that of a Problem-Solving System. ... it is now possble to build a system, or machine, of more than human intelligence. Summary: Contents §1 Introduction 4560 §2 The method of models 4562 §3 Constraints on the operands 4563 §4 Constraints on the transformation:   (i) Reducibility     (a) What is Reducibility? 4564     (b) The effect of Reducibility 4567   (ii) Continuity     (a) What is Continuity?4568     (b) The effect of Continuity 4569 §5 Selection by components 4570 §6 The Maximal Speed 4574 Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } 4560 4561

Summary: §2 The method of models Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } Summary: §3 Constraints on the operands A and B Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Relation defines subset Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } 4562 4563

Summary: §4 Constraints on the transformation: (i) Reducibility   (a) What is reducibility? Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Reducibility reviewed Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Reducibility reviewed Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } 4564 4565

Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Reducibility reviewed Reducibility in set theory Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } Summary: (b) The use of reducibility Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Reducibility reviewed Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } 4566 4567

Summary: (ii)Continuity   (a) What is continuity? Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Continuity as constraint Reducibility reviewed Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } Summary: (b) Value of continuity Adaptation speeding up adaptation Chess discontinuity in Constraint effects of Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } 4568 4569

Summary: §5 Selection by components Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Selection as application Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } 4570 4571

Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } 4572 4573

Summary: §6 The Maximal Speed of Adaptation Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } Summary: (1) A first estimate of how long a problem will take in the solving might be given by the product of the possibilities in its components, assuming independence. (2) This is a bad estimator, being biassed. It is in fact an upper bound of the true value. (3) By the use of models the process of search can often be hastened. (4) Often the components are not independent, and only a portion of the product-space need be searched. Various factors (described) may have this effect. (5) Selection by components may be possible. It reduces the time to its logarithm. (6) There is a minimal time for the solution of a problem (or adaptation): it is the time that the fastest isomorphic system can get the answer out in binary notation. 4650, 4668 Adaptation speeding up adaptation Constraint effects of Speed (of adaptation) of learning Society [55]: Methods of getting solution more quickly { 4560 - 4575 } 4574 4575

Summary: The costing accountant and the strategy of control. Discrimination in selection Model in accountancy Summary: Mechanism for simultaneous adaptation. 4577, 5417 Adaptation of parts The Multistable System [87]: Parts of multistable system can adapt simultaneously provided channel width is adequate and a disperser is provided. 4641. 4640 4641

Adaptation strategy of Estimation and adaptation Maximal likelihood and adaptation Trial and error optimal method 4650 4651

Adaptation as by-product Evolution the proper study of Natural Selection [84]: The study of evolution must not be "to explain adaptation" but simply to deduce "what will happen?" 4930. Summary: Evolution and psychology must study the basic question "what will in fact happen?" 5535 Isomorphism and equiformality 4930 4931

Summary: Discriminative feedback. 4963 Summary: Information repair. Information "repair" (MacKay) Information and discriminative feedback Summary: Letters as Markov chain. Adaptation strategy of Markov process / chain English as Maximal likelihood and adaptation 4946 4947

Adaptation speeding up adaptation Fringe Habituation as cause of rapid adaptation Speed (of adaptation) 5284 5285

Summary: Basic methods with complex systems. Operational research in silting of rivers Silting Laws of silting Adaptation accumulation Retroactive inhibition condition for zero retroactive inhibition The Multistable System [108]: Multistability, i.e. separation of learning parts, proved necessary 5345. (Better proof than in Design for a Brain S.17/2) 5344 5345

Summary: Any question about how something can be achieved is answered: a regulator is necessary; lacking it the achievement is impossible. 5601 Adaptation sequential and simultaneous 5588 5589

Adaptation accumulation Arc accumulation of adaptations Conscious mind dream of the archer The Multistable System [120]: Accumulation of adaptations 5592. 5592 5593

Adaptation adaptation is to a set of disturbances Disturbance as the ultimate enemy Summary: When the set of disturbances is a product set of minor disturbances, each of which has its appropriate reaction unconditionally, accumulation is adaptation is readily obtained. Often, the set of disturbances must be defined explicitly. 5612 5613

Summary: Axiom that the "typical member" identifies the sub-set and the constraint. Constraint identified by 'typical member' Accumulation (of adaptations) mechanism necessary Adaptation mechanism for cumulative adaptation 5756 5757

Polystable defined The Multistable System [3]: (Much of this section probably refers to the polystable - not distinguished till 5800) The Multistable System [130]: Multistable system distinguished from polystable. 5800. Summary: Shrinkage to equilibrium, and adaptation to the operator that produces the shrinkage, are equivalent. 5961 Adaptation to any operator Transformation adaptation to any 5800 5801

Adaptation rate of Summary: How fast does a system adapt to an operator? "Convergency". 5806 5807

Adaptation spontaneous generation Intelligence spontaneous generation Summary: How to generate Life and Intelligence with probability 1 Regulation must have parts 5960 5961

Adaptation demands parts Essential variables evolution of 5962 5963

Summary: A review of the relations between "whole" and "part". 6019, 6025 Summary: Abstractness can go too far. 'Adaptation' demands several parts. Adaptation demands parts 5984 5985

Summary: Rapid adaptation in an irreducible whole implies many equilibria in the parts. Adaptation rapid adaptation demands equilibria Equilibrium many necessary 6132 6133

Summary: Adaptation to the recurrent situation demands step-mechanisms with a multiplicity of channels. Channel necessary Adaptation faculties as adaptation Faculty list of Phrenology faculties of 6228 6229

Summary: Directive correlation quite simply. 6297 Adaptation anti-adaptation Summary: Specifying the "worst" brain. Genius Gauss' method 6288 6289

Summary: The designer (or planner) must select among the equilibria. Adaptation anti-adaptation Faculty list of 6404 6405

Summary: Anticipation embodied again. Discrimination and retro-active inhibition. 6602, 6811 Adaptation rate of Genes optimal number Summary: Quotations from Bremermann. 6600 6601

Summary: [Pavlov's] Page 197 solved? 6608.9, 6726, 6727 Summary: What natural selection really preserves. Adaptation evolutionary Evolution adapts genetic pool, not individual Summary: A stochastic series of varying probability. Probability varying in time 6606 6607