Volume 04 of W. Ross Ashby's Journal
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1939



Volume 04



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Genes Organisation after amputation Oddments [11]: Stability of organisation 0982, examples 0701, 0606.
Environment genes as
0701	0702



0703	0704



0705	0706



0707	0708



0709	0710



0711	0712


Heredity and function rules
0713	0714



0715	0716



0717	0718



0719	0720



0721	0722



0723	0724



0725	0726



0727	0728



0729	0730



0731	0732

Equilibrium fresh start!

0733	0734



0735	0736



0737	0738

Equilibrium new equations Organisation to calculate stability of

0739	0740


Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.)
0741	0742



0743	0744

Oscillation of stable system

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0747	0748


Higher geometry of fields and matrix theory [15]: If EQUATION, with roots r₁,...,r_n, to find ?r_p/?a_St, 0750, 1824. i.e. effect of coefficient on a root. Example 2066, 2401.
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Organisation joining two organisations
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0753	0754



0755	0756



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Organisation must grow

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1940


Gestalt physical gestalten
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0765	0766

Impulse pattern "density" of Impulse, nervous "density" of

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Equilibrium of simple circuit
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0771	0772


Equilibrium new equations
0773	0774


Organisation joining two organisations
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Equilibrium test for
Organisation change of
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Organisation degree of
Memory as organisation
0779	0780

Environment must have "continuity" Gestalt partial Learning environment must be Signal nature of Stimulus signals
Adaptation environment must be right Continuity necessary in environment
0781	0782

Gestalt continuity in
Differentiation in learning
0783	0784

Organisation of environment Signal nature of
Reflex, conditioned
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Impulse pattern "density" of Stimulus nature of constant stimulus
Cortex, removal of nest making after Gestalt stimulus in Mathematics of organisation Stimulus must be Gestalt
0787	0788

Organisation Humphrey on Relation essence of organisation

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0791	0792

Chatelier, Rule of Le Equilibrium Homeostasis Regulation
Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) moving
0793	0794

Feeding Inhibition Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) moving Plasticity of reaction Reactions plasticity of
Death as an equilibrium Instinct, sex peculiarity of Learning
0795	0796

Adaptation - Reactions modification of
Habituation Integration (physiological) memory as Memory as organisation in time Reflex, conditioned Space-time and learning
0797	0798

Fatigue and habituation Stimulus essential property of
Reflex, conditioned not formed
0799	0800

Energy use of Equilibrium and self preservation Plasticity of reaction
Environment must be "orderly"
0801	0802

Gestalt operators and Operator as relation Organisation of operators Relation as operator
Impulse pattern and organisation Neuron essential function
0803	0804


Equilibrium and "stimulus" Gestalt Stimulus essential property of
0805	0806


Nirvanophilia is wrong
0807	0808


Evolution as law and chance
0809	0810


Equilibrium "in exhaustion" Equilibrium and group Gestalt as stabiliser Group (mathematical) as stabiliser Operator as generators
0811	0812

Entropy and learning Equilibrium and entropy paradox Learning and entropy Reversible process and learning
Organisation spread of
0813	0814

Organisation stable

0815	0816

Equilibrium as vector field singularily Field (of substitution) Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) examples

0817	0818

Stimulus pattern and equilibrium
Death as an equilibrium
0819	0820

Organisation change of
Reactions to pattern
0821	0822

Organisation important variables Variable central
Group (mathematical) of optical illusion Operator of optical illusion
0823	0824


Stimulus never zero
0825	0826

Adaptation comes after learning Learning before adaptation Organisation adaptation of Organisation specification of
Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) examples
0827	0828

Group (mathematical) = structure, pattern Operator and orgaisation Organisation two meanings Space-time and patterns
Equilibrium characteristics of Pattern (in general) as group-structure
0829	0830


Adaptation as probability Probability of survival
0831	0832

Environment perfect Group (mathematical) existence of

0833	0834

Equilibrium test for

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0837	0838

Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) examples

0839	0840

Stimulus essential property of

0841	0842

Organisation change of

0843	0844


Group (mathematical) finite continuous Organisation parameters of Parameter of organisation
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0847	0848

Equilibrium in space-time Reflex and group

0849	0850

Inhibition and organisation Organisation parameters of Parameter of organisation Stimulus group structure of
Nirvanophilia is wrong
0851	0852

Equilibrium by inhibition Reflex, conditioned
Group (mathematical) calculating machine as Organisation in group
0853	0854


Excitation and organisation Organisation parameters of Parameter of organisation
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1941

Levels and organisation
Summary: Had my severe illness here. Was it febrile reaction to enormous cortical readjustment? I don't know. But it felt as if I had "swallowed a rainbow". And the next page contains the essential discovery. Adaptation essential nature of Dominance another type Nirvanophilia basis of
0857	0858

Summary: A new idea. Suppose the cortex is a 'representation' of the environment, i.e. corresponding to events in the periphery (stimuli, reactions) there are events in the cortex. Nothing new in this idea. But suppose that the cortex is more 'sensitive', so that if the periphery is being driven out of its range of stability the corresponding variable in the cortex will break first, i.e. get outside its range of stability, and thus switch to another portion of the field (817), and change partially to another organisation. Cortex as 'sensitive' Reactions right and wrong Reflex, conditioned
Equilibrium by cortex 'breaking' Isomorphism of cortex and environment Neuron death of Pain and organisation Reflex, conditioned
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Group (mathematical) orderliness Organisation spread of Structure interlocking

0861	0862

Cortex, visual Signal vision as Structure interlocking Vision mostly signals
Isomorphism ? group necessary
0863	0864

Break of organisation Energy free energy Organisation break of
Group (mathematical) of groups Isomorphism and representations
0865	0866


Transformation of a representation
0867	0868

Pain must increase continuously

0869	0870

Group (mathematical) basic
Hallucination and isomorphism Isomorphism and neurosis Pattern (in general) and neurosis
0871	0872


Dream isomorphism in Isomorphism in dream
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Isomorphism almost isomorphism Vision binocular

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0877	0878


Entropy and organisation Organisation and entropy Organisation two meanings
0879	0880

Equilibrium and entropy Operator and entropy
Equilibrium in cycle Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) as cycle
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0883	0884

Group (mathematical) and equilibrium Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) examples
Brain 'break' in Break of organisation Organisation break of
0885	0886

Cortex as 'sensitive' Fatigue and brain
Adaptation in breaks
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0889	0890

Jacobian (determinant) of machine
Break of organisation Organisation break of Organisation irreversible
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0893	0894

Field (of substitution)
Memory as break Trial and error optimal method
0895	0896


Break surface Critical surface defined
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0899	0900


Group (mathematical) and machine Organisation in group
0901	0902


Behaviour change of organisation as behaviour Organisation change of Reactions by change of organisation
0903	0904

Operator = machine Organisation machine = substitution operator Organisation specification of Substitution (mathematical) specifies machine
Break in machine Break surface Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) defined
0905	0906

Dominance test for Organisation simultaneity of

0907	0908

Organisation two meanings united Pattern (in general) as group-structure
Adaptation an illusion Environment must be "orderly" Intelligence is blind Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) in a pattern
0909	0910

Reflex, conditioned is not intelligent
Amoeba can learn Learning in Amoeba Memory in Protozoa Signal and environment
0911	0912


Operator for reflex Organisation machine = substitution operator Reflex as operator Stimulus group structure of Substitution (mathematical) for reflex
0913	0914

Adaptation sensory adaptation Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) partial neutral point Organisation for sensory adaptation

0915	0916

Entropy and sensory adaptation
Differential equation turned to operator Group (mathematical) and machine Isomorphism in machine Operator = differential equation Substitution (mathematical) as differential equation
0917	0918

Laplace's equation: [?^2V=0] not dynamic
Operator independent of time Space-time and clairvoyance Time and substitution operator
0919	0920

Adaptation statement Break summary

0921	0922

Variable central

0923	0924

Organisation degree of Organisation simultaneity of
Break example
0925	0926

Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) effect of change of parameter
Dominance test for Independence Interaction definition Organisation irreversible Organisation number of types of Time reversible machine
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0929	0930


Levels mechanism of Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) control of Reactions by change of organisation
0931	0932

Isomorphism exact definition Stimulus pattern and equilibrium
Environment as parameter Organisation and its environment
0933	0934


Affect of my problem Equilibrium spread of Levels Problems mine
0935	0936



0937	0938

Adaptation sensory adaptation Habituation organisation of
Delay (in substitution)
0939	0940

Neutral point (of equilibrium - including 'cycle', 'region' etc.) examples
Time two effects
0941	0942

Holism depends on time Substitution (mathematical) some solutions

0943	0944


Environment as parameter
0945	0946

Speed and central nervous system wholeness
Break and delay Delay (in substitution) Field (of substitution) and delay Organisation break of
0947	0948

Neuron internal equilibrium
Equilibrium test for Field (of substitution) divergence of
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0951	0952

Organisation splitting into parts

0953	0954

Dominance in organisation
Parameter finding
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0957	0958


Summary: (1) It is impossible to say how much one variable depends on another. (2) The meaning of "dx'_i/dx_k" is given. (3) The Question "Does x_i depend on x_k" is meaningless. (4) New form of matrix test for dominance is given. (5) Definitions given of (a) x_i-t curve depends on x⁰_k, (b) x_i-t curve is independant of x⁰_k, (c) x_i dominates x_k, (d) "parameter". Summary: I have decided in future to end the Sections with a Summary. It may perhaps force rather more tidiness into the ideas and will be useful for reference. Dependence defined Dominance definition Independence defined
0959	0960

Dominance test for Independence test for Mathematics completing system Matrix method Parameter test for

0961	0962

Summary: Three methods are given for exploring a system of equations like 957 (top) in order to find parameters, and dominances using basically the method of 958 (top). Dominance

0963	0964

Break and delay
Summary: If a field should alter its organisation, and particularly its dominances and independences, reversibly when a variable exceeds a given value, we may either look on it in this way, or (preferably) we may set up new and more comprehensive field equations treating it as one constant organisation. But see 1038 for a much improved statement. Adaptation by break Break theory
0965	0966

Summary: After a lot of breaking and final reaching of a neutral point, if we test it by displacing it a little and ask 'will it be stable' the answer is that if it is stable O.K., and if it is no longer stable, we've broken it. So who cares?

0967	0968

Summary: The use of diagrams like those of 940, 946, 967 are permissible only if they represent (a) immediate dependencies as given by the substitutions and subject to its restrictions, or (b) as completed diagrams (961) to represent final dominances etc, but not as both haphazardly. Completed diagrams may be used to typify an organisation (contrary to 928). Also an addendum to the method of 962. Energy irrelevant
Summary: Our substitutions deal quite adequately with the idea of the free energy available to the brain and body - by ignoring it. Levels timing of
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These images are reproduced courtesy of The Estate of W. Ross Ashby. Copyright 1972, 2008 © The Estate of W. Ross Ashby